Ovicidal Effect of the Fruit and Leaf of Caesalpinia Coriaria Against Haemonchus Contortus and Haemonchus Placei

The effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of fruit and leaf from Caesalpinia coriaria on the eggs hatching inhibition (EHI) of Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei, was evaluated. The tested concentrations were 25.0, 12.5, 6.2, 3.1 and 1.5 mg/ml; likewise, 4% methanol solution and Albendazole were used as negative and positive control, repectively. The results were analyzed under a 2x2x6 factorial arrangement of treatments under a completely randomized design; and for the mean comparison, Tukey’s test was used. The mean (LC₅₀) and maximum (LC₉₀) lethal concentrations were estimated with Probit analysis of SAS. The hydro-alcoholic leaf extract, as well as the fruit extract had ovicidal activity (Table 1) (P<0.05), inhibiting hatching in around 100% with the concentration of 25.0 mg/ml. The fruit extract had better EHI (P<0.001) in H. contortus and H. placei than leaf extract. The mean lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) for the fruit extract were 1.63 and 3.91 mg/ml and for the leaf 3.98 and 11.68 mg/ml for H. contortus and H. placei respectively. The main compounds contained in both extracts were: tannins, flavonoids, gallic acid and ethyl-gallate. It is concluded that the hydro-alcoholic extracts from mature fruits and leaves of C. coriaria have the ability of inhibit the egg hatching of H. contortus and H. placei.

Table 1. Percentage of egg hatching inhibition in two species of gastrointestinal nematodes exposed to an hydro-alcoholic extract of mature fruits and leaves of Caesalpinia coriaria
		Egg hatching inhibition (%)
		Nematode
Extract	Concentration (mg/mL)	H. contortus	H.placei
Fruit	25.00	100a	100a
	12.50	100a	100a
	6.25	99.5a	92.75a
	3.15	89.25a	33.75cd
	1.56	58.75b	17.75e
	0.00	3.25fg	2.75g
Leaf	25.00	95.25a	92.50a
	12.50	90.00a	60.75b
	6.25	60.00b	22.75de
	3.15	40.75c	19.75de
	1.56	27.50cde	16.25efg
	0.00	3.25fg	2.75g
Albendazole	10.00	100a	100a
Extract			<0.0001
Nematode			<0.0001
Concentration			<0.0001
Extract*Nematode			0.8977
Extract*Concentration			<0.0001
Extract*Nematode*Concentration			<0.0001
SEM			0.10
SEM= Standard error of the mean. Means within the same column and row with different letters statistically differ (p<0.05).