Metabolome Profile of Intestinal Content of Pigs Fed Diets with Wheat and Corn Fiber Supplemented with Multi-Carbohydrase Enzymes

This study evaluated the effects of multi-enzyme supplementation on growth performance, digestibility of GE and nutrients, and characteristics of intestinal content in growing pigs fed diets containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) or wheat middlings (WM). Fifty-four individually housed pigs (25.33 ± 0.41 kg) were blocked by BW and sex and assigned randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (n = 9) in a 2 × 3 factorial design with 2 levels of carbohydrases (0 vs. 100 mg/kg;1,500 U/g xylanase, 1,100 U/g beta-glucanase, 110 U/g mannanase, 35 U/g galactosidase) and 3 basal diets (corn-soybean control, CSB; CSB + 40% DDGS; or CSB + 30% WM). Titanium dioxide (0.5%) and phytase (1,000 FTU/kg) were added to all diets. On d 29, pigs were euthanized and digesta (jejunum, ileum, and cecum) was collected. The whole digesta were directly submitted to LC-MS for metabolome analysis. The mono sugars concentration at liquid portion of digesta (centrifuged at 18,000 g for 10 min) were determined. The PLS-DA model clearly separated cecal metabolomes of CSB, DDGS and WM diets (positive and negative detection mode), but not with or without carbohydrases. Dietary treatments differences were not be separated based on ileal metabolome. The addition of carbohydrases increased (P < 0.05) xylose concentration of jejunal and ileal digesta supernatant only in WM diet, but not in CSB and DDGS diets, as indicated by the interaction (P < 0.05) between basal diets and carbohydrases addition. The interaction (P < 0.05) was also observed for galactose concentration of ileal fluid, which was increased (P < 0.05) by carbohydrases addition into CSB diet, but not into WM and DDGS diets. The glucose concentration of ileal fluid was improved (P < 0.05) by carbohydrases addition regardless of basal diets. Pigs fed CSB diets had greater (P < 0.05) glucose and mannose concentration at ileum and galactose concentration at cecum compared to pigs fed WM and DDGS diets. The inclusion of DDGS resulted decreases in glucose concentration of jejunal fluid and galactose concentration of ileal fluid compared to CSB diets. Pigs fed WM diets had greater mannose concentration at jejunum and galactose concentration at ieum compared to DDGS diets. The addition of WM also resulted increases in xylose concentration of ileal and cecal fluids compared to CSB and DDGS diets. In conclusion, carbohydrases supplementation increased xylose release at the upper, but not the lower digestive tract