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697
Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring prenatal muscle growth

Wednesday, July 20, 2016: 10:00 AM
251 F (Salt Palace Convention Center)
Sambhu M. Pillai , Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
Amanda K. Jones , Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
Maria L. Hoffman , Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
Katelyn K. McFadden , Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
Steven A. Zinn , Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
Sarah A. Reed , Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
Kristen E. Govoni , Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
Audio File Recorded Presentation (mp4)
Abstract Text:

Poor maternal nutrition during gestation can negatively affect offspring muscle development, thereby reducing production efficiency. We previously observed that cross sectional area (CSA) of semitendinosus muscle fibers from offspring of ewes exposed to restricted- or over-feeding during gestation were increased at birth and reduced at 3 mo of age. Although the negative effects of poor maternal nutrition persist into postnatal growth, it is not well known when during gestation poor maternal diet affects offspring muscle growth. We hypothesized that restricted- and over-feeding ewes during gestation would alter fetal muscle fiber CSA during gestation. To test this hypothesis, 78 pregnant Western white-faced ewes were individually housed and fed 100% (control-fed, n = 25), 60% (restricted-fed, n = 27), or 140% (over-fed, n = 26) of NRC requirements for TDN beginning at d 30.2 ± 0.2 of gestation. For CSA analysis, a subset of ewes was euthanized at d 45 (n = 20) or d 135 (n = 19) of gestation and offspring were collected (n = 10 to 14 per treatment per time point). Offspring from control-fed, restricted-fed and over-fed ewes are referred to as CON, RES and OVER, respectively. From offspring, longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscles were excised, weighed, and frozen in optimal cutting medium. Muscle sections were cryosectioned and immunostained with wheat germ agglutinin. Images (n = 5 per offspring) of muscle cross sections were taken and CSA were determined using ImageJ software. The CSA data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with maternal diet as the main effect. No differences (P ≥ 0.53) due to maternal diet were observed for the BW of offspring or weight of semitendinosus or longissimus dorsi (as percent of BW) at d 45 or 135. At d 45, longissimus dorsi CSA tended to be smaller in RES and OVER compared with CON (CON: 228.8 ± 19.0 µm2; RES: 171.0 ± 18.1 µm2; OVER: 183.0 ± 16.1 µm2; P ≤ 0.07); however, no effect of maternal diet was observed for CSA of longissimus dorsi at d 135 (P = 0.48). There was no effect of maternal diet on CSA of semitendinosus (P ≥ 0.40) at either time point. In conclusion, during the period of primary myogenesis (~d 45 of gestation) and within 15 days of the beginning of dietary treatment, poor maternal nutrition, both restricted- and over-feeding, during gestation caused a reduction in offspring longissimus dorsi CSA.

Keywords: maternal nutrition, muscle, sheep

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