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Bacterial and fungal community structure of oats ensiled with or without a combo inoculant
The objective was to evaluate the effects of a combo inoculant on the microbial community structure of oats ensiled at high DM concentrations (44.0%). From each of 6 sections in a field, whole-oats at heading stage were mowed, wilted for 21 h, chopped, treated (INO) or not (CON) with inoculant, packed into 19-L plastic bucket silos and ensiled for 217 d. The inoculant added contained Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus (4×105 and 1×105 cfu/g of fresh oats). The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS-1 region were amplified and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform for describing the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Experimental design was a complete randomized design replicated 6 times (silos). At d 0, there were no differences due to INO for the relative abundance of the Leuconostocaceae (82.9±4.27%), Enterobacteriaceae (15.2±3.52%), Streptococcaceae (0.5±0.10%), and Pseudomonadaceae (0.2±0.13%) bacterial families. For fungi, most of the total relative abundance consisted of unidentified sequences (56.9±6.46%). INO had a higher abundance of the Davidiellaceae family (34.3 vs. 19.6±4.47%) and lower of unidentified sequences of the Pleosporales order (1.5 vs. 3.2±0.40%) vs. CON (P ≤ 0.05). No differences between INO and CON were observed for the Pleosporaceae (5.1±2.08%), Nectriaceae (1.9±0.51%), and Debaryomycetaceae (0.6±0.35%) families. At d 217, INO had a lower relative abundance of Leuconostocaceae (42.3 vs. 95.8±4.64%) and higher of Lactobacillaceae (57.4 vs. 3.9±4.65%) bacterial family vs. CON (P < 0.01). No effects of INO were observed on the Enterobacteriaceae family (0.05 vs. 0.03±0.02%). For fungi, there were no differences between INO and CON for the relative abundance of Pichiaceae, Trichocomaceae, and Debaryomycetaceae (0.33±0.22%) families and unidentified sequences of the Saccharomycetales order (13.9±11.4%), Ascomycota phylum (5.9±4.0%), and Fungi kingdom (1.46±0.96%). However, there was a large numerical decrease of Pichiaceae (41.2 vs. 82.5±20.68%) and increase of Trichocomaceae (14.0 vs. 1.9±6.71%) families in INO vs. CON (P < 0.23). In conclusion, INO only had a relative minor influence on the epiphytic fungi but not on the epiphytic bacterial composition. After ensiling, INO favored the dominance of Lactobacillaceae compared to Leuconostocaceae bacterial family in CON. No effects of INO were observed on the fungal community at d 217, but a large numerical decrease was observed in Pichiaceae and increase in Trichocomaceae fungal families vs. CON.
Keywords:
Oats haylage
Bacterial and fungal diversity
Combo inoculant