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Swine energy value of corn germ meal and hominy feed increased in the presence of liquid ingredient corn steep liquor
A metabolism study with 24 barrows (74.6±0.8 kg BW) was carried out to determine whether DE and ME in fibrous ingredients corn germ meal (CGM) and hominy feed (HF) increase in the presence of liquid ingredient corn steep liquor (49.8% moisture; CSL). The experiment had a randomized complete block design with 6 dietary treatments: 1) basal diet with 97.3% corn + vitamins and minerals; 2) As 1 + 20% CSL replacing corn; 3) As 1 + 40% CGM replacing corn; 4) As 2 + 40% CGM replacing corn; 5) As 1 + 40% HF replacing corn; 6) As 2 + 40% HF replacing corn. Each treatment had 8 block replicates; blocks were 4 BW categories × 2 consecutive collection periods. Pigs were housed in metabolic cages and allowed 14 or 7 d of adaptation in periods 1 and 2, respectively. Total collection lasted 4 d in each period. Feed offer was set to provide 2.5 times their ME maintenance requirement. Ingredients DE and ME values were calculated by the difference procedure. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. Pairwise comparisons were used for treatment means separation. Calculated ME in corn was 3,743 kcal/kg DM, and in CSL was 3,088 kcal/kg DM. The ME values in CGM and HF were enhanced in the presence of CSL (Table). Similarly, DE was 13% greater (P=0.117) in CGM, and 11% greater (P=0.150) in HF, in the presence of CSL. Enhanced energy values of CGM and HF in presence vs. absence of CSL were supported by a greater (P= or <0.096) digestibility of GE, DM, N, Ca, and P. In conclusion, swine energy value of fibrous ingredients CGM and HF were enhanced in the presence of liquid ingredient CSL.
Table. Calculated swine ME (kcal/kg DM) in CGM and HF in absence vs. presence of CSL*
Ingredient |
In absence of CSL |
In presence of CSL |
Difference |
SEM |
P= |
CGM |
2,874 |
3,359 |
+ 485 (17%) |
240 |
0.077 |
HF |
3,391 |
3,791 |
+ 400 (12%) |
240 |
0.141 |
* Reported energy values of CGM and HF do not consider any energy contribution from CSL.
Keywords: energy, fiber, pigs