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Effects of corn distillers' whole stillage and condensed distillers' solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork sensory quality of growing-finishing pigs
The objective of this study was to investigate effects of liquid feeding high levels of corn distillers whole stillage (CDWS) and corn condensed distillers solubles (CCDS) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, belly firmness and meat sensory qualities of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 256 pigs were blocked by sex and initial BW (13.5±2.5 kg), and pens of pigs (8 pigs/pen) were allocated randomly to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pens/treatment): 1) corn-soybean meal based diet as control throughout, 2) 25% CDWS + 5% CCDS, 3) 19.5% CDWS + 10.5% CCDS, and 4) 19.5%, 26%, and 32.5% CDWS + 10.5%, 14%, and 17.5% CCDS in phases 1 (28 days), 2 (38 days), and 3 (60 days), respectively. Treatment inclusion levels for treatments 1, 2, and 3 were fed during all three phases of the experiment. Inclusion levels of CDWS and CCDS were on an 88% dry matter basis. Pen was the experimental unit. Growth performance data were analyzed by analysis of covariance with initial body weight as a covariant. Nonparametric Friedman test was employed for analysis of the taste panel data. Other data were subjected to analysis of variance. Control pigs had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain (0.911 vs. 0.847, 0.854, 0.853 kg/d) and feed efficiency (ADG/ADFI 0.366 vs. 0.330, 0.341, 0.340) than pigs in the other 3 treatments during the overall period. Compared with the control, the other 3 groups had lower (P < 0.05 or 0.05 < P < 0.10) carcass weight and backfat depth due to lighter (P < 0.05) slaughter body weight, but similar (P > 0.05) dressing percentage, loin muscle depth, and lean percentage were observed among the 4 treatments. Inclusion of CDWS and CCDS reduced (P < 0.05 or 0.05 < P < 0.10) belly firmness but did not influence (P > 0.05) the overall like, flavor, tenderness and juiciness of loin chops when compared with the control group. In conclusion, our results indicate that including 30-50% of a mixture of whole stillage and condensed distillers solubles in the growing-finishing diets may reduce growth performance, carcass weight and belly firmness, but does not affect pork sensory qualities.
Keywords: liquid feeding, whole stillage, condensed distillers’ solubles, pig