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In Vitro Digestion and Fermentation Characteristics and In Vivo digestibility of Canola Co-Products in the Pigs
Canola co-products serve as source of dietary AA and energy to pigs. However, fermentation characteristics of solvent-extracted canola meal (CM) in the pig intestine are unknown. Thus, we determined in vitro degradation and fermentation characteristics of Brassica juncea CM (JCM) and Brassica napus CM (NCM) in comparison to soybean meal (SBM). Samples were first hydrolyzed using pepsin and pancreatin. Subsequently, residues were incubated in a buffer with fresh pig feces as inocula in a randomized complete block design providing 12 replicates per feedstuff per run for 2 runs. Accumulated gas production was measured for 72 h and modeled to estimate kinetics of gas production. Concentration of VFA per unit weight of feedstuff was measured in fermented solutions. In previous studies, ileal and hindgut GE digestibility values for feedstuffs were obtained (by difference method) from ileal-cannulated barrows (~50 kg BW) fed cornstarch-based diets containing 50% feedstuffs for 5 d. On DM basis, SBM, JCM, and NCM contained 50.6, 44.0, and 38.1% CP; and 8.5, 22.3, and 30.6% NDF, respectively. The in vitro DM digestibility for SBM (82.3%) was greater (P < 0.05) than the in vitro DM digestibility for JCM (68.5%), which was greater (P < 0.05) than that of NCM (63.4%). Ileal GE digestibility was greatest (P < 0.05) for SBM followed by JCM and then NCM. Total gas production for SBM was greater (P < 0.05) than that of JCM, which was greater (P < 0.05) than that for NCM. Total VFA production was lower (P < 0.05) for SBM (0.73 mmol/g DM) than for NCM (1.05 mmol/g DM), which was lower (P < 0.05) than that of JCM (1.37 mmol/g DM). A similar trend was observed for hindgut GE digestibility (as percentage) for feedstuffs; 15, 21.4, and 24.4% for SBM, NCM, and JCM, respectively. In conclusion, in vitro fermentation characteristics of SBM, and canola meals simulated their digestion in the pig hindgut (r2 = 0.979). The NCM or JCM can contribute more energy to the pig via hindgut fermentation than the SBM, whereas JCM can contribute more energy to the pig via hindgut fermentation than the NCM.
Keywords:
canola meal, in vitro fermentation, pig