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In vitro pig cecal fermentation with different inoculum source with diets content Acrocomia aculeata
The aim of this study was to determine the potential of different inoculum sources on in vitro gas production technique. Three different types of inoculum were used for fermentation in gas production analysis: fistulated bovine ruminal liquor grazing Brachiaria brizantha (RL); extract from slaughtered pig cecum raised in a conventional confined system (CS) and extract from slaughtered pig cecum raised in a free range system (CF), both collected directly from the cecum. The substratum used was three diets containing replacement of Acrocomia aculeata (AA) pulp being 100% (0%AA) , 90% (10%AA) and 80% (20%AA) of a basal diet with soybean meals and corn grains to meet pig growth requirements, as well as Braquiaria brizantha grass. The accumulated volume of gas was measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after incubation. The mathematical model used was France et al. (1993). A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement was used. All used inocula produced gases with the studied substrates (Table 01). The pig cecum extract (CF) showed higher gas production (p<0.05) with Braquiaria brizanthaand 20%AA as substratum than CS. However, there was no statistical difference when compared with RL. The gas production was superior (p<0.05) when basal diet (0%AA) was used with LR and CS inocula. There were no significant differences in gas production when 10%AA was used as a substrate. The pig cecum extract from slaughtered pigs raised in confined and free range systems produced gas as well as bovine ruminal liquor, and can be used for further gas production evaluation, mainly to study fiber usage in pork production. The pig cecum extract from pigs raised in free range (CF) pork production showed more important gas production potential (P<0.05) than CS when the substrate had high fiber level, probably due to the increase of fiber intake in livestock breeding.
Table 01. Inocula gas production (mL) with distinct substrates after 96 hours of incubation.
Inocula |
Braquiaria brizantha |
0%AA |
10%AA |
20%AA |
Bovine Ruminal Liquor (RL) |
52.81ab |
112.14a |
107.85 |
108.52ab |
Pig cecum extract - standard (CS) |
47.84b |
98.47a |
115.15 |
102.46b |
Pig cecum extract - free range (CF) |
60.14a |
72.21b |
83.54 |
110.4a |
MSE |
5.85 |
9.44 |
17.72 |
3.37 |
CV (%) |
10.92 |
10.02 |
17.34 |
3.14 |
Means followed by different letters are significantly different by the Tukey Test 5%.
Keywords:
gas production, fiber fermentation, alternative feed